Unlike the use of large quantities of chemical fillers, complications with lipofilling are rare, as only autologous (body’s own) tissue is used. Essentially, three things can go wrong: too little fat may be injected, too much, or the fat may be placed in the wrong location. These factors are entirely dependent on the skills and expertise of the surgeon. As is often the case in aesthetic surgery, it is not just the technique but especially the surgeon’s experience and precision that determine the success of the result.
In very rare cases, an infection of the transplanted fat tissue may occur. Symptoms such as pain, redness, or increasing swelling are warning signs that require immediate attention from the surgeon. If necessary, a course of antibiotics will be initiated.
It is also possible, though uncommon, that part of the injected fat is reabsorbed by the body during the first few months—the so-called "integration phase." This may happen due to illness, infections, or significant weight loss resulting from stress or emotional strain. In such cases, an additional lipofilling session may be considered.